Asteroid discovered inside orbit of Venus

Ice and Stone 2020: Week 02 Content (Special Addendum)

Asteroid 2020 AV2, imaged by the Las Cumbres Observatory facility at McDonald Observatory in Texas on January 7, 2020.

While, strictly speaking, it is not a “near-Earth” asteroid, an important asteroid has been discovered since I first put up this presentation. On January 4, 2020, the Zwicky Transient Facility survey, based at Palomar Observatory in California, discovered an 18th-magnitude object which was formally designated as 2020 AV2 when its discovery was announced on January 8. According to calculations 2020 AV2 is traveling in a moderately low-eccentricity orbit (0.18) with an orbital period of only 151 days — tying it for the shortest period among known asteroids — and an aphelion distance of only 0.654 AU, which is inside the orbit of Venus (perihelion distance 0.718 AU). 2020 AV2 thus becomes the first-known asteroid that orbits the sun entirely within the orbit of Venus.

Its overall brightness indicates that 2020 AV2 is approximately 1 to 2 km in diameter, unusually large for a previously-unknown asteroid in near-Earth space, but the fact that its elongation from the sun never exceeds much over 40 degrees undoubtedly has contributed to its not being found before now. There must certainly be other asteroids with similar orbits, but for the time being they will remain difficult to detect and discover.

More from Week 2:

This Week in History    Comet of the Week   Special Topic    Free PDF Download    Glossary

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Author

  • Alan Hale

    Alan Hale was born in Tachikawa, Japan (as the son of a U.S. Air Force officer) but moved with his family later soon after to Alamogordo, New Mexico, where he spent his childhood years. Hale entered the Navy and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with a Bachelor’s Degree in Physics After leaving the service, he began working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory on the Deep Space Network. While at JPL he was involved with several spacecraft projects, most notably the Voyager 2 encounter with the planet Uranus. Following that encounter, Hale left JPL and enrolled at New Mexico State University. He earned his Master’s Degree and then his Ph.D.. His thesis paper has become one of the seminal papers in early exoplanet research, with over 200 citations to date. He worked at the New Mexico Museum of Space History as its Staff Astronomer and Outreach Education Coordinator, before founding the Southwest Institute for Space Research (now known as the Earthrise Institute). He has developed and taught astronomy-related educational activities at the university level. Hale’s research interests include the search for planets beyond the solar system; stars like the sun; minor bodies in the solar system, especially comets and near-Earth asteroids; and advocacy of spaceflight. He is primarily known for his work with comets, which has included his discovery of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1995. In recent years he has worked to increase scientific collaboration between the U.S. and other nations, including Iran, Zimbabwe, and Lebanon. Hale lives in the Sacramento Mountains outside of Cloudcroft, New Mexico with his partner Vickie Moseley. He has two sons, Zachary and Tyler, both of whom have graduated from college. On clear nights he can often be found making observations of the latest comets or other astronomical phenomena.

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